LªxóivRvi ce© w`e‡m ms¯‹…Zvqb Lªxóhv‡Mi KvVv‡gv
(wbRcvov ag©cjøxi cªwZcvjK)
1| f~wgKv: (LªxóhvM I Lªxóhv‡Mi Mvb¸‡jv muvIZvj
fvlvq n‡e)| Lªx‡ó‡Z wcÖqR‡biv AvR‡K Avgiv cvjb KiwQ M c~Rb e‡l©i 34Zg iweevi, wbRcvov
ag©cjøxi cÖwZcvjK ÔLªxóivRvi ce© w`emÕ |
AvR‡Ki Lªxóhv‡M muvIZvj K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi †ek wKQz w`K †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q mevi ÁvZv‡_© Zv
A_© mn Rvwb‡q †`Iqv n‡”Q| m„wói ïiæ‡Z ÔVvKyi wRIÕ Avgv‡`i Avw` wcZv-gvZv wcjPz
nvovg I wcjPz eyW&wn‡K (Av`g I nev) m„wó K‡ib| ÔVvKzi wRIÕ nj Zv‡`i m„wó
KZ©v| Gi ciewZ©‡Z wcjPz nvovg I wcjPz eyW&wni eskai GB muvIZvj RvwZ ÔVvKzi wRI‡KÕ ÔPv‡›`v evevÕ (m~h© †`eZv) e‡j
Wv‡Kb| KviY m~h©‡K †`Lv hvq wKš‘ ¯úk© Kiv hvq bv| KZ gnvb KZ kw³ai! GB c„w_ex‡K
Av‡jvwKZ K‡i Ges dzj-dj, dmj djv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| mKv‡j D‡VB m~h©‡K Zviv cÖYvg
K‡i| m~h©‡K Zviv †`eZv Ávb K‡i| wKš‘ Zv‡`i wek¦vm ÔVvKzi wRIÕ m~h© †_‡KI gnvb| ÔVvKzi
wRI‡KÕ gvbweq `„wó‡Z †`Lv hvq bv wKš‘
cÖ‡Z¨K‡K wZwb †`L‡Z cvb| GB c„w_exi †Kvb wKQzi m‡½ Zvi Zzjbv P‡j bv| wZwb gnvb
Ges g½jgq|[1]
Gi ciewZ©‡Z muvIZvj‡`i ÔRicxÕ‡Z (fviZ e‡l©i GKwU RvqMv) emevm Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq|
Zv‡`i msL¨v w`bw`b e„w× cÖvß n‡j Zviv ÔRicxÕ cve©Z¨ GjvKv AwZµg K‡i AbÎ hvIqvi
cwiKíbv K‡i wKš‘ cvnvo Lye DPz nIqvq †Kvb fv‡eB Zv m¤¢e nw”Qj bv| ZLb Zviv Ôgvivs
eyiæÕ †`eZvi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡jv, hv‡Z Ôgvivs eyiæÕ c_ †`Lvq| ZLb m~h© †`eZv G‡m
Zvi A‡jŠwKK †R¨vwZ‡Z Ai‡Y¨i gvSLvb w`‡q c_ †`wL‡q w`‡jb| Gici Zviv ˆP-P¤úvq P‡j
†M‡jb (fvi‡Zi GKwU RvqMv)|[2]
GB Ôgvivs eyiæÕi B”Qvq muvIZvj‡`i mKj cÖKvi g½j-Ag½j n‡q _v‡K e‡j Zviv Zvi
D‡Ï‡k¨ c~Rv w`‡q _v‡K| AvR‡K Avgiv Lªxó‡K GKB Avm‡b emvB, wZwbB †Zv wcZv Ck¦‡ii
m‡½ hy³ †_‡K Avgv‡`i m„wó K‡i‡Qb| cÖwZw`bKvi Rxe‡b Avgv‡`i euvwP‡q iv‡Lb,
Avgv‡`i g½j mvab K‡i _v‡Kb Ges fvj mewKQz w`‡q Avgv‡`i fwi‡q †Zv‡jb| †ivgvb
ms¯‹„wZ‡Z Lªxó‡K Ôm~h© †`eZvÕi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvR‡K wZwbB Avgv‡`i ÔVvKzi
wRIÕ I Ôgvivs eyiæÕ| GB ce©‡K eQ‡ii †k‡l ivLv n‡q‡Q GB Kvi‡Y †h hxï LªxóB n‡jb
†MvUv eQ‡ii cÖfz I ivRv| AvR‡K Avgv‡`i Ôgvivs eyiæÕ hxï Lªx‡ói c~Rv AP©bv
Ki‡ev|
D‡Ïk¨ nj GB ce©‡K Avgiv ‡hb Avgv‡`i AšÍi †_‡K cvjb Ki‡Z
cvwi Ges mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© Lªxwóq Dcvmbvq Ask MÖnY Ki‡Z cvwi|
2| †kvfvhvÎv: MxR©vi m¤§yL fv‡Mi gv‡Vi c~e©
cÖvšÍ †_‡K †kvfv hvÎv ïiæ Kiv n‡e| †mLv‡b hvR‡Ki Rb¨
wgmvi ‡cvkvK GKwU †Uwe‡j muvRv‡bv _vK‡e|
hvRK †cvkvK ci‡eb| ‡kvfvhvÎvi gva¨‡g
Abyôvb
ïiæ n‡e| ‡kvfvhvÎvi mgq Mvb Pj‡Z _vK‡e| (Mvb: wnwci Svb&wW µzk jvZvi †`jv †evb.....G‡mv
fvB-†ev‡biv µzkcZvKvi Z‡j
hvB)
* †kvfvhvÎvi cÖ_‡g bv‡Pi `j
(Qq Rb †Q‡j I †g‡q `yB mvwi‡Z bvP‡e)
* `yÕRb MÖvg¨ †gvoj cÖwZwbwa (gÄwn ) LªxóivRvi Qwe wb‡q
‡kvfvhvÎv Ki‡eb
(A_© n‡PQ- cÖwZw`‡bi Rxeb-RxweKvq Lªxó‡K mv‡_
ivLv|)
*
`yÕRb hyeK †gvgevwZ ai‡eb
* `yÕRb †gvo‡ji nv‡Z dz‡ji
gvjv I ayc`vwb _vK‡e Ges †kvfv hvÎvi mgq Lªx‡ói cÖwZ
m¤§vb cÖ`k©bv‡_© `yBevi Lªxó ivRvi Qwe‡Z, ayc
‡`Iqv n‡e| †mB mgq wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨
†kvfvhvÎv †_‡g _vK‡e|
* `yB mvwi‡Z K‡qKwU MÖv‡gi †gvojMY
kvj Mv‡Qi KwP Wvj a‡i bvo‡Z _vK‡eb|
Gi A_© nj: kvj MvQ Ôgvivs eyiæÕi cÖZxK hv
`xN©w`b euv‡P, Ab¨vb¨ MvQ A‡cÿv k³ Ges
A‡bK muvIZvj eska‡ii Rxeb mvÿx, dzj, Avmevec‡Îi
KvV I R¡vjvwb cÖ`vb K‡i
_v‡K| ÔRv‡ni _v‡bÕ A_©vr gvivs eyiæÕi D‡Ï‡k¨
wbwg©Z cyb¨ †e`x‡Z †ivcb Kiv n‡q _v‡K
wZbwU kvj MvQ Ôgvivs eyiæÕ, Rv‡ni Giv,
†gv‡o‡Kv ZziæB‡Kvi D‡Ï‡k¨ hv eZ©gv‡b wÎZ¡-
ci‡gk¦‡ii cÖZxK wn‡m‡e ai‡Z cwi|
kvj cvZvi A_©: Ôgvivs eyiæ hxï LªxóÕ Avgv‡`i
m‡½B Av‡Qb|
* Ab¨vb¨ MÖv‡gi †gvojMY
* Lªxóf³MY
* †meKMY
* hvRK
Zviv mK‡j MxR©vi m¤§yL fv‡Mi g‡Â Avm‡eb Ges †Mvj n‡q `uvov‡eb †mLv‡b
Qwe ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †Pqvi
cvZv‡bv _vK‡e,
†mLv‡b Qwe ¯’vcb K‡i hvRK Z…Zxq ev‡ii g‡Zv aycviwZ w`‡q Qwe‡Z dz‡ji gvjv
civ‡eb hv
ivRvi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b‡K eySvq| Zvi c‡i hvRK wba©vwiZ Avm‡b em‡eb| ‡mLv‡b
hvR‡Ki cv
†aŠZ Kiv n‡e (Kuvmvi _vjv, mvevb, kvj cvZvi ‰Zwi cv‡Î mwilv †Zj, GKwU R‡ji cvÎ
cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡e gvÄwn
eyW&wn hvR‡Ki cv †aŠZ Ki‡eb (†mB mgq Mvb Pj‡Z _vK‡e- `yjvo evnv ¸ZzB‡g
gvjv gb gvwP mvRvI‡g.....fvjevmv w`‡q Muv_v dz‡ji gvjv
w`‡q ü`q mw¾Z Ki)| Gi A_© nj Lªx‡ói
cÖwZwbwa Aci
Lªxó hvR‡Ki cv †aŠZ Kivi gva¨‡g Avgiv Lªxó‡K Avgv‡`i mgv‡R, evwo‡Z, AšÍ‡i
eiY K‡i wbw”Q|
cv †aŠZ Kiv n‡j Lªxóf³MY MxR©vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡e|
3.
MxR©vq cÖ‡ek: MxR©vi cÖ‡ek c‡_ `yÕRb hyeK I hyeZx `uvwo‡q _vK‡e hv‡`i
nv‡Z _vK‡e dz‡ji cvcwo
†gkv‡bv cvwb| cª‡ek c‡_ Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gv_vi
Dc‡i Zv wQwU‡q w`‡e| Lªxóf³MY cÖ‡ek K‡i
Avcb Avcb
RvqMvq `uvwo‡q _vK‡e| Gi A_©: ÒmuvIZvj‡`i
Ôevnv ci‡eÕi mgq muvIZvj cy‡ivwnZ ev
bvB‡K c~Rvi
KvR mgvav K‡i dzj I NwU cvwb gvÄwni evwo‡Z wb‡q Av‡mb Ges Zvi evwoi Dc‡i
I gvÄwni Dc‡i
wQwU‡q‡`b Zvi c‡i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki evwoi Dc‡i wQwU‡q †`b|Ó[3] hv
mg¯Í g›`Zv I cvc
†_‡K my×KiY,
fzZ I g›`Zv‡K `~i Kiv‡K eySvq| Avi dzj
nj- bexbZvi I cweÎZvi cÖZxK|
*
cÖ_‡g LªxóivRvi Qwe `yÕRb gvÄwn nvovg ai‡eb
*
`yÕRb gvjv I a~c`vwb ai‡eb Ges ‡kvfvhvÎvq Ask †b‡eb
*
Gi c‡i _vK‡e QqRb †meK
* Zvi c‡i hvRK _vK‡eb Ges hvR‡Ki euv nv‡Z aiv _vK‡e GKwU bZzb Kyjvq
wgkvi
mvgMªx (iæwU, `ªvÿvi‡mi cvÎ, cvb cvÎ, †c‡Ub I
wmeywiqvg G Kgywbqb,
K‡cv©ivj,
wdsMvi UvIqvj, wcDwi wd‡KUi) Ges Wvb nv‡Z aiv _vK‡e nvZj hy³
NyywU‡Z cvwb hv nvZ †avqvi mgq e¨envi Ki‡eb|[4] (Mvb
Pj‡Z _vK‡e| Mvb: ivR
VbK‡i
hxïhvK& mvevwm ivR ivcvR K‡ib hxï ivRv)
†kvfvhvÎv K‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i hvRK wgkvi mvgMÖx h_v ¯’v‡b ivL‡eb| Qwe wbw`©ó
¯’v‡b
¯’vcb Kiv n‡e Ges ( a~c`vwb: Kjv Mv‡Qi evK‡j A½vi mvRv‡bv Ges GKwU †cø‡U
¯’vwcZ _vK‡e hv mšÍvj K…wói K_vq ¯§iY K‡i †`q|) hvRK †e`x‡Z aycviwZ w`‡eb
Ges
c‡i Qwe‡Z ayciwZ w`‡eb| Gi c‡i
h_v ixwZ wgkvi cÖv_©bv ïiæ n‡e|
4. ÿgv
cÖv_©bv: Mvb _vK‡e| (Mvb: Aveªvnvg‡ib Ck¦i evev Bmiv‡qj ni‡Kvq evÂvI
†KZ&‡Kv.......)
5. Rj
wmÂb: GKwU Kuvmvi NywU‡Z cweÎ cvwb _vK‡e Ges wZbwU cvZv mg„×
GKwU Av‡gi Wvj Wzev‡bv
_vK‡e hvRK Zv
w`‡q mg‡eZ †jvK‡`i cweÎ cvwb wQwU‡q w`‡eb | wZbwU cvZv wÎZ¡-ci‡gk¦‡ii
cÖZxK AvgcvZv
nj mg„w×i cÖZxK RbmgvR‡K cweÎKiY I Zv‡`i mg„w× Kvgbv Kiv| Avi GB
Rb¨B muvIZvj
we‡q‡Z Avg cvZv w`‡q gv‡ovqv mvRv‡bv nq|
6. evYxcvV:
cvVK nvZ ‡Rvo K‡i †cQb †_‡K †kvfv hvÎv K‡i Avm‡e| cvV‡Ki `yÕcv‡k
`yÕRb hyeK I
hyeZx _vK‡e
GK R‡bi nv‡Z dz‡ji gvjv Ges Aci R‡bi nv‡Z ayc `vbx | cvVK hvR‡Ki Kv‡Q
hv‡eb Ges
Avkx©ev` wb‡eb Ges evYx g‡Â G‡m cvV eB Lyj‡eb aycviwZ w`‡q cÖYvg K‡i dz‡ji gvjv
civ‡eb Ges
evYxcvV ïiæ Ki‡eb|
* ay‡qv Mvb K‡i Kiv n‡e Ges
mvgm½xZ Ave„wZ Kiv n‡e
* wØZxq cv‡Vi c‡i Av‡jøjyBqv Mvb Kiv n‡e
7. Dc‡`k: hvRK mnfvwMZv Ki‡eb| LªxóivR,
bevb¨ I mvšÍvj K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ|
8. †cÖwiZM‡Yi kª×vgš¿: Mvb K‡i Kiv n‡e|
9. mve©Rbxb cÖv_©bv: wbw`©ó mvZ Rb ej‡e
10. Ac©b: 12 Rb A_©vr mvuIZvj‡`i evi †Mvwôi cÖwZwbwa hxï ivRv Ôgvivs eyiæiÕ
D‡Ï‡k¨ Dcnvi wb‡q
Avm‡eb (Zxi
aybyK- Abœ-ms¯’v‡bi nvwZqvi, Kzjv I Wvwj-RxweKvq AwR©Z m¤ú`, †L‡Zi km¨, `ywU
eb¨ cvwL-
¯^xKvi K‡i cvIqv m¤ú`, ayc ay‡bv- Ck¦‡ii
D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡ew`Z Avgv‡`i cÖv_©bv, mewR,
dj, muvIZvj‡`i
cvÂwP cvonuvU †cvkvK BZ¨vw`|
11. Dcnvi mvgMÖxi Dci Avkx©ev`: ‡h‡nZz LªxóivRvi ce© w`e‡m bevb¨ cvjb K‡i _v‡K †m‡nZz GB
cÖv_©bvI †hvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cuvP cÖexY
mvg‡b Avm‡eb hvR‡Ki m‡½ A_ev hvR‡Ki c‡i GB
we‡kl cªv_©bv ej‡eb| ÒcÖYvg †n LªxóivR,
†Zvgvi GB cex©q Lªxóhv‡M †Zvgvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Avgiv GB mvgvb¨ `vb wb‡q G‡mwQ, Zv Lykx
n‡q MÖnY Ki| Zv w`‡qB Zzwg mš‘ó nI| †ÿZ †_‡K, †Lvjvb †_‡K †Pvi‡`i nvZ †_‡K me©`v
iÿvKi| GB km¨ `vbv Avgiv Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡ev, †cU e¨_v, gv_v e¨_v, kixi
e¨_v, Zzwg m„wó n‡Z w`I bv| †ZvgviB Dcvmbvq †hb Avgiv †jŠn n¯Í I †jŠn c` n‡Z
cvwi| ¸iæ-evQzi I Avgv‡`i †gl¸‡jv k‡m¨i Lo Lv‡e, ZvivI ‡hb †Kvb ai‡bi †iv‡M bv
c‡o| GB
cÖv_©bv Kwi cÖfz hxï Lªx‡ói bv‡g Av‡gb|Ó[5]
†k‡l hvRK Dcnvi mvgMÖxi Dci Avkx©ev` cvwb
wQwU‡q w`‡eb
(cÖexYMY wbR wbR RvqMvq wd‡i Avm‡eb|)
12. gnv e›`bv: Pvi Rb hyeK-hyeZx AviwZ
cÖ`vb Ki‡e (dzj, †gvgevwZ, aycviwZ, N›Uv) ZviB
Øviv ZviB
m‡½.......Dwb †nv‡Z‡Z Dwb ZzjP& †M Avi Dwb †i‡M.......|
hvRK
|
g~j ‡e`x
|
(dz‡ji _vjv) hyeK hyeK (†gvgevwZ)
(ayc`vwb)
hyeZx I hyeK (N›Uv)
13. cÖfzi
cÖv_©bv: Mvb K‡i Kiv n‡e (†mB mgq mevB nvZ †Rvo K‡i _vK‡e| hv
muvIZvj cÖv_©bvi aiY
eyySv hvq ev
cÖKvk cvq)| Mvb: mvbvg †Kv‡ib evev.......|
14. LªxócÖmv`:
mvaviY fv‡e weZiY Kiv n‡e| Mvb _vK‡e| BTvK&
AšÍi‡i G hxï wZT wnRyK& †g
hxï....|
15. we`vq
Avkx©ev`: mvaviY fv‡e
16. †kl
Mvb: Kiv n‡e| Lªxóvb
hyqvb‡Kv aig jvonvB‡i †SvgK&‡Z †Z½b‡c gv.................|
wgkvi c‡i mK‡ji m‡½ we‡kl K‡i hvR‡Ki m‡½
ï‡f”Qv/Kzkj wewbgq Kiv n‡e|
mnvqK
MÖš’mg~n
1.
Hendriks, Hans: Hor ari-cali ar porobko: Santal
Rites and Feasts as Practiced by some Catholics. Deen Sewa Dal, Catholic
Ashram, Hazaribag, 1983, P-13.
2. Troisi J.:
Tribal Religion: Religious and Practices among the Santals. Manohar, Daryaganj,
New Delhi, 2000, Pp-74-75.
3. mvËvi, Ave`ym: AviY¨ Rbc‡`,
bI‡ivR mvwnZ¨ m¤¢vi, evsjvevRvi, XvKv, 2000, c„-279|
4.
Das,
Christu: Sevartham, Vol. 37, `Sakhua
Tree in Adivasi Life with a Special Reference to the Santals.’ St. Albert’s
College, Ranchi, 2012.
New Delhi, 2000, Pp-74-75.
[2] Ave`ym mvËvi: AviY¨ Rbc‡`, bI‡ivR mvwnZ¨ m¤¢vi,
evsjvevRvi, XvKv, 2000, c„-279|
[3]
Hans Hendriks: Hor ari-cali
ar porobko: Santal Rites and Feasts as Practiced by some Catholics. Deen Sewa
Dal, Catholic Ashram, Hazaribag, 1983, P-13.
[4]
Hans Hendriks: Hor ari-cali
ar porobko: Santal Rites and Feasts as Practiced by some Catholics. Deen Sewa
Dal, Catholic Ashram, Hazaribag, 1983, P-105.
[5]
Hans Hendriks: Hor ari-cali
ar porobko: Santal Rites and Feasts as Practiced by some Catholics. Deen Sewa
Dal, Catholic Ashram, Hazaribag, 1983, P-13.
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